Showing posts with label 11th Century. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 11th Century. Show all posts

17 August 2016

The Arts: Mozarabic Manuscript Illumination

Musicians from a Beatus of Liébana ms. from the first half of the tenth
century. Wikimedia Commons 

The complexity of the Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Ages has led to many different terms to refer to the distinct sectors of its multireligious, multicultural society. “Mozarabic” originally referred to the Christians who were allowed to continue practicing their faith under Muslim government, and later expanded to include the Iberian Christians who lived outside those territories as well. The time frame remains strict: it describes Moorish political dominance, from the seventh through the eleventh centuries.

Christ in Majesty from a Moralia in Job completed in
Valeranica, 945.  Wikimedia Commons 
This time frame sets the characters from my Seven Noble Knights, which takes place in 974 and 990, squarely within the Mozarabic culture. I’m fascinated with the distinctive art of this culture because it’s the aesthetic my characters would have been surrounded by.

From a Beatus of Liébana completed in Osma.
Wikimedia Commons 
In the most abundant type of art, manuscript illumination, bright colors, almond-shaped eyes, elongated hands, and disregard for realism are the characteristics that most stand out for me. Perhaps the colors, bright enough to burn modern eyes, are the result of dim lighting in buildings with small windows. The lack of realism may have come about in part because the most popular work of literature at the time was a commentary on the Apocalypse, with all its fantastic creatures and events, by a monk called Beatus of Liébana.

The Monastery "de Suso" at San Millán de la Cogolla is a
rare example of Mozarabic architecture. Jessica Knauss 
It’s assumed that the driving force of Mozarabic art is a blending of older, revered Visigothic styles with adaptations from Arabic sources. However, it’s hard to trace the continuance of Visigothic style due to a general lack of surviving Visigothic sources. Much important architecture constructed during the Visigothic and Mozarabic periods no longer exists because in later generations it was demolished to make way for new styles. Although the Arabic inspirations in Mozarabic art are more obvious, they’re not easy to interpret. Some see a criticism of these borrowings embedded in the borrowings themselves because of the frontier nature of this art and the antagonism between the religions. Others prefer to think Mozarabic artists admired Arabic styles for their elegance as much as they admired Visigothic styles for their heritage.

The Ark of the Covenant in the San Isidoro Bible, 960.
Wikimedia Commons 
In The Art of Medieval Spain, O. K. Werkmeister illustrates that the Mozarabic attitude toward Arabic art sources seems to reflect the current state of the prolonged conflict. These monks were often working on the front lines and witnessed skirmishes and battles firsthand. The San Isidoro Bible of 960 illustrates Philistines riding in a style probably copied from Islamic art. In this way, the Bible story of intense fighting against frightening enemies became an allegory for the conflict the monks and lay people saw all around them.

From the Beatus of Liébana of Girona, 975.
Wikimedia Commons 
Fifty years later, the attitude seems to have flipped. A decorative casket Caliph Hisham II gave to his Sword of the Realm as part of a reward for conquering León was looted in a raid and brought back to a Christian church to serve as a reliquary for the bones of two Mozarabic martyrs. This reappropriation is the ultimate form of adaptation from Arabic sources. The casket could only be accepted as Christian at this exact moment in history, when the Caliphate of Córdoba was in decay and the enemy forces didn’t seem as threatening as before.

The Whore of Babylon in the Girona Beatus.
Wikimedia Commons 
Unique among European manuscript illumination of this period, the frontier monks nearly always left detailed colophons signing their work and stating the reasons and patrons for which it was made. Such signatures likely imitated the way artists claimed their work in the Muslim-governed territories, where artists had considerable social standing. It seems reasonable that the Mozarabic monks had similar artistic and cultural aspirations. Historians thank them for leaving such accurately self-conscious records.

From "Facundus" ms. of Fernando I and Sancha of Castile,
mid-eleventh century. Wikimedia Commons 
The Mozarabic monastic tradition wouldn’t last long after the rise of the Romanesque artistic style. The only example of work attempting to bridge the styles or to absorb Mozarabic sensibilities into international Romanesque are the manuscripts patronized by Fernando I and Sancha of Castile in the mid-eleventh century. For me, these manuscripts happily combine the old surrealism with a new, more complex control of contours. But there were no monastic centers that could juggle the two styles for long.

Noah's ark, painted in Urgell. Wikimedia Commons 
Nevertheless, Mozarabic art was no flash in the pan. Something essential about it, perhaps its severity or its emotional impact, has remained in Spanish art. Many commentators draw a straight line between the San Isidoro Bible of 960 and Picasso’s Guernica.


Jessica Knauss earned her PhD in medieval Spanish with a dissertation on the portrayal of Alfonso X’s laws in the Cantigas de Santa Maria, which has been published as the five-star-rated Law and Order in Medieval Spain. Look for her book of stories based on the Cantigas, coming 2021. A driven fiction writer, Jessica Knauss has edited many fine historical novels and is a bilingual freelance editor. Her historical epic, Seven NobleKnights, will be published in December 2020 by Encircle Publications. Her contemporary paranormal Awash in Talent is now available from Kindle Press. Find out more about her writing and bookish activities here. Follow her on Facebook and Twitter, too! 

22 October 2015

Excerpt Thursday: THE BETROTHED SISTER by Carol McGrath

This week, we're welcoming author Carol McGrath again, whose latest title is THE BETROTHED SISTER, book #3 of The Daughters of Hastings trilogyJoin us again on Sunday for an author interview, with more details about the story behind the story. One lucky visitor will get a free copy of The Betrothed SisterBe sure to leave your email address in the comments of today's post or Sunday's author interview for a chance to win. Winner(s) are contacted privately by email. Here's the blurb.


It is 1068 and led by Countess Gytha the Godwin royal women are about to set out into exile after the Siege of Exeter. Princess Thea, known to history as Gita is King Harold’s eldest daughter and the book’s engaging protagonist. She carries revenge in her heart for the Normans who killed her father at the Battle of Hastings. Once in Demark her uncle, the king, betroths her to a most eligible prince, his third wife’s nephew, Vladimir of Kiev. Will her betrothal and marriage bring her happiness, as she confronts enemies from inside and outside Rus territories? Will she prove herself the courageous princess she surely is, win her husband’s respect and establish her independence in a society protective towards its women?
**An Excerpt from The Betrothed Sister**
Chapter One

Thea glanced up at the thin, fragile moon. Despite all that had happened since the Normans stole England, anticipation gripped her. By the time that moon grew fat again they would be settled in their new home. She moved her lips in prayer to her name-day saint, St Theodosia. ‘Gracious lady, grant us a warm hall, fine furniture and new clothing, and take a care for my brother Magnus.’ Surely her saint would answer her prayer.
Yet, Thea did not confess to her saint her deepest and most secret wish. She wanted revenge on William the Bastard. She wanted revenge not only on him but on his whole House for his destruction of her father, the kidnap of her brother Ulf by William, her mother’s seclusion and the murder of her brother, Magnus. If St Theodosia knew what lay in her heart, she knew it already. Thea wanted vengeance and until she had it, her life would never be complete again. One day, the Bastard, William of Normandy, false king of England, would die an ignoble death, unloved by his children and preferably in great pain because she, Thea, daughter of the great King Harold, wanted him to suffer for what he had done to her family. And, she added this to her thought – one day she would marry a warrior prince who hated the Normans as much as she did and who would help her brothers recover their kingdom. She started. Voices were falling towards them, dropping from the direction of the cliff below the monastery, coming closer.
She twisted round to see the rest of their women following a monk who was swinging a lantern. Their ladies, who were wrapped in their warmest woollen mantles, came in a snaking line down the cliff path to the beach. All of them, even the five children, were carrying small bundles. When the group reached the shingle, the women gathered up cloaks and skirts and bunching the thick escaping material into their hands they began wading out to climb into the fleet of skiffs. Edmund and Padar, their warrior poet, took an arm here and a hand there. They lifted the older women, swinging in turn each of a tiny band of confused children from one to the other over the lapping water. Finally they deposited the women and their offspring into the assorted fishing craft that would ferry them to the big-sailed ships which were to carry them over the Narrow Sea.


The series is available at Amazon.com and amazon.co.uk and from all good bookshops

Learn more about author Carol McGrath

Follow me on Twitter @carolmcgrath
www.carolcmcgrath.co.uk

26 July 2015

Author Interview & Book Giveaway: Austin Hernon on THE WARRIORS OF THE CROSS (Book Two-Robert: The Wayward Prince)

This week, we're pleased to welcome again author Austin Hernon with his latest novel, THE WARRIORS OF THE CROSS, book two in the series, Robert: The Wayward Prince.  The author will offer a free copy of book two of Robert: The Wayward Prince to a lucky blog visitor.  Be sure to leave your email address in the comments of today's author interview for a chance to win. Winner(s) are contacted privately by email. Here's the blurb.

Robert, Duke of Normandy, eldest son of William the Conqueror, responds to the clarion call of Pope Urban II to Christendom. In the company of the foremost nobles from Europe he undertakes a mission to liberate Jerusalem in what comes to be known as the First Crusade.

Robert, passionate and idealistic, is inspired by the idea of fighting for God against the heartless infidel – but comes to change his mind as he witnesses the godless behaviour of other Christian lords, some of whom he counted friends.

Over a long arduous journey Robert discovers that the hearts of men, Christian or not, are swayed by lust for blood, land and power. As the physical privations set in, through the deserts of Asia Minor and especially at Antioch, and fear and danger take their toll, he sees avarice and treachery overcome Christian motives and is appalled at the resulting bloody chaos. But like it or not Robert is a leader, and if he hopes to return to the woman he loves in Italy he must bring his military skills to bear to ensure his decimated war-band survives to take Jerusalem.


**Q&A with Austin Hernon**

 
This is the second of your fictional biographies, following the life of Robert Curthose, eldest son of Robert of Normandy. How closely are you following the true history, as we know it?


As closely as I can. The book started off as a project to learn more about Robert, Duke of Normandy and it was his forgotten history that inspired me to put pen to paper. I wondered why someone who I’d barely heard of could still lay claim to such a magnificent tomb in Gloucester Cathedral, and once I learnt who he was I needed to find out more about what he did, why he never came to the English throne and why the Conqueror’s other sons practically wrote Robert, the first-born, out of history. It’s been a fascinating journey. I’ve discovered a lot about Robert that biographers and chroniclers haven’t spotted – or at least I’ve discovered the possibilities of these endeavours and events. Robert’s leadership skills in the First Crusade is understated in the chronicles but I started digging, and found out more and more about how impressive he was; courageous and crafty in equal measure. He also, it seems to me, was ultimately a truthful man, without any side to him, as we’d say today; no ulterior motives. This might have been his undoing in terms of his personal ambitions as he could never quite grasp, until it was overwhelmingly evident, that other men might not be the same. Yet in the First Crusade, as far as I can tell, he didn’t succumb to the bloodlust nor the power-lust that gripped the other Christian leaders. Robert The Wayward Prince remains a work of fiction, and truth will always bend a knee to plot and pace in a novel, but the book’s raison d’être was to find out more about this intriguing man and get a glimpse into a fascinating historical period through his eyes, and that’s what I hope I’ve achieved.

 
Was writing this second book very different from the first?
 

Yes, very. I was finding my feet as a writer much more with the first book and that took a long time. Originally the first book was written in third person rather than first, and it was only when I tried first person – at the suggestion of editorial consultancy Fiction Feedback  – that I found my way. The writing, and Robert, came alive. By the time it came to the second book I understood much more what was involved, in terms of research, planning, the actual writing and the editing process. It was much more straightforward as a result, and I think a better book. I was able to do more justice to Robert and these calamitous events in his life because I had developed my novel-writing skills.


The Warriors of the Cross tackles some very pertinent themes, with Christian and Moslem cultures clashing in the Middle East. Did you have present situations in mind when writing the book?


No, not at all. I simply set out to tell Robert’s story, and it is sad coincidence that what was international headline news almost a thousand years ago is so again. But naturally enough, as I was researching and planning Robert’s story with all its incidents in modern-day Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and Israel, I couldn’t help but notice and draw parallels with then and now. I hope they don’t increase.


I think that seeing the world through medieval eyes has given me an extra perspective on contemporary crises and troubles. But I can’t help but draw the lesson that the lesson of history is that we never learn, as has been said before by people wiser than me. People are people, and human nature doesn’t change very much, so it’s not so surprising that history should repeat itself. And I have no time for people who blame religion itself for these wars. Followers of Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, whatever: it’s the practitioners of religions who bring about such crises, not the religions themselves who often preach peace and love, tolerance and forgiveness.


Some aspects of the First Crusade are quite gory. Here and there you give full rein to your descriptive powers in showing us scenes of deadly combat and carnage. Did you find this at all difficult?
 

No, not particularly. I kept it within the limits of what I felt comfortable with. I don’t like reading pages and pages of graphic violence in fiction or non-fiction so I only introduced a paragraph here and there when not to do so would give a false impression of events, or inadequately explain people’s reactions to what was going on.
 

Violence and bloody death was much more a part of everyday life in 1095 for many more sections of society: for nobles, churchmen and politicians as well as the rank and file. It can’t remain undescribed, but to ascribe too much space to it would I think have the opposite effect of naturalism, as it would elevate it to a significance that it wouldn’t have had then. But of course, when you have a character battling to the death with fearful foes all round, or losing a close friend in warfare, or even hearing about atrocities committed elsewhere, you have to do such things justice in the writing or the characters and the story itself would be insipid and unreal.
 

There are also several scenes of a romantic or sexual  nature in your book. What do you say to those who might gripe that they have no place in the story of a hard-bitten soldier?


Robert was a heterosexual man like any other and my novels don’t pretend to be military histories. They’re about a man and his full life. Robert liked the ladies and they liked him: again it would seem unrealistic not to include some scenes of sex and love. Leaving them out wouldn’t do his story justice!


The book ends on quite a cliffhanger about events back in England. What next for Robert, Duke of Normandy?


That’s the job of the third book to tell. It should be published later this next year – meanwhile there’s a lot of juicy gossip and historical fact on my website at www.waywardprinceproductions.co.uk
 

 
 
Learn more about author Austin Hernon

23 July 2015

Excerpt Thursday: THE WARRIORS OF THE CROSS (Book Two-Robert: The Wayward Prince) by Austin Hernon

This week, we're pleased to welcome again author Austin Hernon with his latest novel, THE WARRIORS OF THE CROSS, book two in the series, Robert: The Wayward Prince. Join us again on Sunday for an author interview, with more details about the story behind the story. The author will offer a free copy of book two of Robert: The Wayward Prince to a lucky blog visitor.  Be sure to leave your email address in the comments of today's post or Sunday's author interview for a chance to win. Winner(s) are contacted privately by email. Here's the blurb.

Robert, Duke of Normandy, eldest son of William the Conqueror, responds to the clarion call of Pope Urban II to Christendom. In the company of the foremost nobles from Europe he undertakes a mission to liberate Jerusalem in what comes to be known as the First Crusade.

Robert, passionate and idealistic, is inspired by the idea of fighting for God against the heartless infidel – but comes to change his mind as he witnesses the godless behaviour of other Christian lords, some of whom he counted friends.

Over a long arduous journey Robert discovers that the hearts of men, Christian or not, are swayed by lust for blood, land and power. As the physical privations set in, through the deserts of Asia Minor and especially at Antioch, and fear and danger take their toll, he sees avarice and treachery overcome Christian motives and is appalled at the resulting bloody chaos. But like it or not Robert is a leader, and if he hopes to return to the woman he loves in Italy he must bring his military skills to bear to ensure his decimated war-band survives to take Jerusalem.

**An Excerpt from The Warriors of the Cross

(Book Two-Robert: The Wayward Prince)**

Robert is re-acquainted with Matilda, la Gran Contesse, in Lucca, Italy, on his way to Jerusalem.

Chapter 2: An Italian Winter

At the reception.

That evening, suitably cleansed, we attended Urban’s court. He was surrounding himself with the mighty of northern Europe, who, coming to give muscle to the holy cause, did not entirely believe in his positioning as the leader of this venture. He might have the words to move people’s hearts, but this was now a military matter, prayers having failed so far to release the holy city of Jerusalem. Nevertheless we attended in good spirit being quite certain of our impending success in the matter.

            Stephen of Blois, Robert of Flanders, Duke Allen of Brittany and me: together we were all dressed in our finest. Odo and Gilbert had also dug out some suitable vestments from their baggage and we made an impressive entrance to the cathedral where Urban was due to lead us in prayers.

            At the front, only partially visible through the fug of incense, and suitably shielded by her close attendants, Matilda was sitting in demure majesty, ensuring that none would mistake the fact that here sat the chiefest woman in all of Europe. I made no attempt to approach her, what secrets we held would remain between us.

            When the prayers were over, Urban made full use of the opportunity to deliver yet another tedious homily, in praise, it seemed, of his idea of bringing all these magnificent warriors here to one place in order to fulfil his heavenly vision. In the end the message lingered too long and went a little astray, so that the congregation were pleased to hear the amen and were ready to leave but there was another little ceremony before that release came.
            A priest came to speak to Odo, who after a word turned to me and asked, ‘Where is your papal banner, Robert?’

            I looked at Ragenaus and he nodded his head towards the door.

            ‘Will you fetch it for me, please, Ragenaus.’

            He went off and I turned to Uncle Odo.

            ‘There is to be a blessing of emblems and the prince of France will also receive a banner of St Peter like yours,’ explained the bishop.

            ‘What prince of France?’ I queried.

            ‘That colourful youth sitting at the front, that is Hugh of Vermandois, brother to King Phillip.’

            As I peered through the fog of incense to try and see this royal brat Ragenaus returned and thrust the lance with the banner into my hand and Odo pushed me towards the front, where the pope was wai
            I approached, and Hugh turned to give me a glance before he knelt. He was well above me in height and I might have detected a little in-built sneer upon his lips. Snotty little git. I knelt alongside him and the pope uttered another well-rehearsed homily as our banners were  drenched by a pair of over-enthusiastic priests. My head received a share of the holy water and I grinned at Hugh as we stood up; he smiled a little and seemed less haughty. We might get on, if he behaves himself.

            ‘Are you Robert of Normandy?’ he asked politely.

            ‘I am,’ I replied. He hesitated as if awaiting some kind of accolade, then introduced himself.

            ‘I am Hugh, Prince of France.’

            ‘Then, Hugh, we have a common purpose in coming here. We may meet again.’

            ‘D’accord,’ he said as I spied Matilda looking at me from her front seat, a definite smirk playing around her lips. I threw my gaze to the heavens and walked back to Odo, my mind on things other than the blessing of banner
            The principal guests were escorted to a grand chamber where the atmosphere became a little less formal and we were able to circulate freely.

            Among the movers was Matilda. She gradually drifted in my direction so that after a while we were able to engage in a conversation, of suitably public content, in public.

            ‘Contessa Matilda,’ I bowed and almost made a meal of her proffered hand, ‘we must thank you for the arrangements you have made to receive us. Here are those who would help us in our quest. Stephen of Blois, my brother-in-law. Robert of Flanders, my cousin, and my former brother-in-law, Allen, Duke of Brittany.’

            ‘Thank you, Prince Robert, quite a family affair I see. It is the least that I can do when you have travelled so far in our holy cause.’ She turned to Stephen and Flanders, neither of whom could resist a modicum of flirting when the opportunity presented itself. ‘My lords! Have you found your quarters to your satisfaction?’

            Stephen and Robert fell over themselves to claim the hand of this regal power broker. Diminutive, her hair now a fading russet blond, but her eyes still a piercing blue, she commanded the space about her in a way that few men could manage. Matilda could charm and flirt with the best of them – and proceeded to do so. I watched a while in some amusement as the trio did their best to outshine each other in courtly manners.

            Looking about the hall I noted that Odo had cornered Urban, oh well – he has bored us for long enough tonight, I expect that Odo will return the favour. Then I spotted Payne and Ragenaus standing against a wall, appearing bored.          

‘What?’ I mouthed. Payne cupped his hands under his chest and lifted up non-existent breasts, casting his eyes to the ceiling. Of course, the hall was bereft of women; only we had the privilege of Matilda. I thought to enquire.

‘You seem to be the lone ambassadress for women tonight, my lady,’ I said, nodding towards my young men. ‘Are there no ladies for my young dogs to talk to?’

            Matilda, sharp as a blade, took in the situation at a glance and beckoned over one of her attendants. ‘Take those two down to the festival in the marketplace, and keep them safe.’

            ‘Sì, Contessa, they will enjoy la musica, no?’

            ‘Sì, and anything else they can lay their eyes on.’ She grinned at me and lifted an eyebrow.

            ‘That big one will be very popular, I believe.’

            ‘Mm, that is Payne Peverel. He comes from the hills of northern England, so not the same as my Saxon archer you’ll remember.’

            ‘No, but interesting all the same.’ Capricious Matild
Suddenly I became irritated by my unctuous comrades’ efforts to impress the lady and I turned the subject of the conversation to more pressing matters.

‘What news do you have you for us, Contessa? Has my friend Bohemund reached Constantinople yet?’

‘I’ve not yet heard, Robert. But no doubt he’ll be in the company of Emperor Alexios soon.’

‘Huh! That will be an interesting meeting; they were at war with each other not so long ago.’

‘True, and who says that they will not resume their squabbling after the holy city has been recovered? There is more to tell. Raymond of Saint-Gilles is marching his French army across northern Italy towards Hungary. Duke Godfrey of Bouillon is leading a large formation of his own troops from Flanders and Lorraine. Some German soldiers have joined him, and I believe that he favours the same overland route.’

My brother-in-law replied, ‘He commands great respect in the north, and has lots of money. It seems that we will be well supported, my lady.’

‘Yes, Count,’ she responded, a little awkwardly as the points of his perfect beard threatened her very eyes. She moved back a little from his too close attentions and replied politely. ‘The Lord has provided; we are blessed in our endeavours.’

‘And our horses.’ I remembered that small point. ‘What of Aethilheard; you remembered him from our previous visit?’

‘Ah, yes!’ responded the Contessa with a light in her eyes, ‘and the Saxon prince, Edgar, sent by your father as our wedding guest. Are they all like that in England? I must pay a visit.’

‘My lady,’ I replied, ‘the land is full of blond-haired, blue-eyed warriors with moustaches. You liked the Saxon?’

‘I did, he was amusing, Robert. He idolises you.’

‘He does? I suppose so. You know how much I trust him?’

‘He was carrying quite a lot of your money. Anyway, Aethilheard has gone with some fine horses to Constantinople; I made some good deals and your blond friend has some spare monies in his purse.’

‘Thank you. We will need it, I expect, before this matter is done with. You said some.’

‘Yes, we have a limited supply of steeds suited to the North African climate, I am arranging for more to be taken to Cyprus. They will be kept there in readiness for you; and I am helping you with the costs, to include placing some Genoese ships at your disposal.’

‘You honour me, gracious lady.
It was difficult to keep my hands off her… and she knew it, laughing silently in her eyes. I hoped that her under-linen was as wet as mine.

‘Not so, Prince Robert, we both honour God in this matter, and trust in his blessing.'
 
I nodded, and dribbled, and she went to engage in conversation elsewhere. I caught Stephen studying my face and he made to speak, but I gave him a warning glance, so he swallowed his words and kept silent. There would be no rumours to trouble the lady’s reputation, not if I had anything to do with it, but I could not stop Allen, who was not so well informed as to the purpose of my previous visit.

‘What wedding, Robert? Have I missed something?’

I pondered for a moment.

Stephen said, ‘You might as well tell him, everyone else knows.’

‘Tell me what?’ the irritated Breton asked.

‘My father had marriage plans for me and Matilda. We decided otherwise.’

‘Jesu, Robert. You mean you and she have never…’

‘No, Allen, by God’s bollocks, we have never…’

‘Mon Dieu!’ chortled Flanders, with a snort of derision, ‘you are all over each other like panting dogs.’

‘Piss off, Rob, someone will hear you.’

But they would not leave the subject and Allen tried again.

‘King William sent you to marry the Contessa, and you returned to Normandy bride-less?’

‘I heard that he was not pleased, Robert,’ said Stephen.

‘By God he was not likely to be. What did he say?’ probed Allen.

‘Quite a lot,’ I mumbled.

‘Yes indeed, Robert, you went off somewhere just after your return, I remember it being a cause for discussion with your sister,’ Stephen added, being helpful.

‘Why wouldn’t she marry you?’ Allen persisted.

I pulled them close, and in a whisper told them.

‘Matilda has Normans to the south, Germans to the north, and a reputation to keep inviolate with the Church. Marrying me would not be helpful.’

‘God’s bollocks,’ exclaimed Allen, ‘a Norman domain stretching to the Alps? The Germans would not like that.’

‘Mon Dieu,’ added Rob, ‘she cannot have men clambering into her bed; the Church is strange about such things. No wonder she will not marry.’

‘God’s miracles, you are too loud, someone might overhear us,’ I whispered in frustration.

‘It will only be a blind man, my prince, everyone else can see how you are with her for themselves.’ Stephen was trying to calm me.

‘Oh, please don’t make it worse,’ I pleaded.

The trio looked at each other, shrugged their shoulders in unison, and chimed in unison.

 ‘We see nothing, Mighty Prince.’

‘Bollocks, you lot. I’m going to rescue the pope from Uncle Odo.’

‘Before you go, Robert,’ the solid figure of the Duke of Brittany placed itself in my path, ‘tell me something. Did your father withhold the crown of the English from you because of this?’

I looked him in the eye. A bit rough was Allen, but sharp.

‘It did not help… that’s all I know.’ I left to find Odo, and in truth, that was all I knew.

After a few days, when the great and good had finished with their intelligence-gathering, bargaining, wheeling and dealing – and attempts at flirtation – we set off for Rome in three parties. Firstly the pope and his never-ending retinue, skirts and banners flapping in the breeze, followed by Matilda and her troops, armour and standards flying, then I came along behind with my northern cavalcade with my standard and gonfalon held high – and of all that display of pomp only mine were bound for Jerusalem.

Learn more about author Austin Hernon